Analysis of monthly cash budget of Cyrus Brown Manufacturing Company Essay

Analysis of monthly cash budget of Cyrus Brown Manufacturing Company - Essay Example We will note from the income statement the net cash inflows from operations during the year after deducting the direct manufacturing costs and indirect expenses. As shown from the FS, the sales forecast for March and April are not sufficient to produce profit for the said months as expenses exceed projected sales. For the month of May, profit will be realized as projected sales have been increased. A substantial loss is seen for the month of June. A brief analysis of the data reveals that the loss is because of an investment made for plant structure and payment of taxes. The biggest sales forecast comes in September; however, it is also coupled with corresponding increase of expenses that includes second installment of payment of taxes; total expenses are 90% of sales. Accordingly, expected profit is reduced. There is a 42% drop in sales in October which is quite significant as it will also considerably affect the projected profit of the company and will reduce the cash receipts for the month. There is no explanation why the forecast of sales has gone down in October and November. TheTaxes have been deducted from the computations so the earnings that are shown in the balance are NET, that is no tax and interest have to be deducted. The net earnings are funds available for other uses like payment of debts or for other investments (Investorwords, n.d.) A projected monthly cash flow statement for March to November is presented for CBM to show the incoming and outgoing cash in the operations of the business. (See Annex 1). A cash flow has been defined as an accounting process that shows the difference of amount of cash in the beginning (opening balance) and the amount at the end of the period (closing balance) (Business Dictionary.com., n.d.). Management of cash flows is an important part of the business operations because most often it becomes the source of failure for most businesses. Thus, FindLaw (n.d) contends that when the owner of the business understands th e concept of cash management, he is prepared in the unforeseen eventualities in the business because he has a plan. Cash flows may become positive or negative during operations. When it is positive, business is shown to be in a healthy condition, while negative cash outflow shows internal problems in the operations. For CBM, its cash position shows negative cash outflow in the first two months of operations because of poor collection in March and slow growth of sales in March up to April. Cash flows will show the sources of funds used in the operations and how and where the funds are used. For sources of funds CBM provided an opening balance of $50,000 and collections from monthly sales. For March, only 75% of projected sales are expected to be collected. From April to November, 100 percent collection is expected to be collected. Because expenses are more than the funds collected from March to June there is a shortage of funds for this period. Due to this, CBM needs to get outside s ources of funds to finance its operations for March, April and June. There is a large cash outflow in June because of a capital investment and payment of taxes in June, after which cash flow becomes positive and profit accrue to the business. The cash on hand provided by CBM is $50,000.00 and it will need additional funds to support its operations. Approximately CBM needs a minimum credit line of $24,500 to draw for its monthly shortage of funds. It is assumed that CBM had provided capital for operations and there is no need to borrow additional funds. Conclusion. A cash flow projection

Wk8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk8 - Assignment Example The second reform in the military intelligence was in the revision of foreign policy between the USA and other countries especially in the Gulf region2. Changes in the intensity of the US surveillance system was important because from the attacks, the USA military realized that with the use of satellite cameras, such attacks from external forces are preventable. The failures in the military prompted the intelligence to conduct an investigation on the possible prior plans that led to the attack. The investigation recommended that a special unit be established that was going to be responsible for collecting information concerning the security situation and sensitive information that could probably lead to attacks. The surveillance system after the attack was able to monitor the terror risk indicators and advise on appropriate timely actions. The US military’s decision to reform its foreign policies was equally important because from then, the US declines to make any diplomatic ties with any country associated with terror3. The failure to prevent the war in Iraq further led to poor relationship between the USA and the Gulf count ries, including abolishment of the already existing diplomatic

Polonius has sometimes been presented Essay Example for Free

Polonius has sometimes been presented Essay There has been much debate amongst critics and directors alike on the depth of Poloniuss character, and his purpose in the play. There are those, such as critic Myron Taylor, who view him as a more sinister persona, arguing his ineffectuality does not excuse his moral deviousness. Appearance has become his reality, thus implying he is used for menacing dramatic effect. However others take a more sympathetic view, for example Elkin Calhoun Wilson; that dotage repeatedly amuses us in his fondness for lecturing and giving advice, however sound, to his meandering young;, therefore interpreting him as a more bumbling and comical element to an otherwise serious play. Despite understanding both these views I still, like Hamlet, see Polonius as a rash, intruding fool [Act. 3Scene. 4 line33]and believe anything done that may appear enigmatic or ominous can only have occurred unintentionally (in the script) or through exaggeration in directing. Similarly to Wilson, I can see how Polonius would add light-hearted, comic relief to the play, especially when paired with quick-witted Hamlet, highlighting the cracks in Poloniuss delusional wise role he has adopted. Polonius has traditionally been played as a sinister character, with exaggerations on his spying and sneaking around castles, as is portrayed in Franco Zeffirellis version, though many productions in the 20th Century have instead portrayed him as older and more bumbling to bring a comic element to the play. There are two sides of Polonius shown in Act 1 Scene 3 and Act 2 Scene 1. These focus on his relationships with Ophelia and Laertes, and to me portray him as foolish again, though not unintelligent. He appears authoritative Look tot I charge you; come your ways [Scene3 line. 135 to Ophelia] and gives further instructions to Laertes Aboard, aboard.. neither a borrower nor a lender be [lines55+75]. This particular line enforces the idea he is comical/foolish; advising Laertes to leave else hell miss his crossing, yet proceeding to bombard him with a lengthy advisory speech that states what is obvious. It does seem that he is rambling here as well, as of course Laertes is returning to university, not just starting, making the well-meant advice effectively knowledge that Laertes already has. Both his offspring create an impression of having to be patient with him, replying in just short sentences as if to make up for time lost Most humbly do I take leave my lord [Laertes line 81]. The audiences knowledge that he isnt as respected as he thinks himself to be can be humorous, developing an almost bumbling man who is held in higher esteem by himself than even his long-suffering, and in the case of Ophelia, oppressed, children. With Ophelia, there is a significant difference their relationship than that with Laertes; Polonius seems highly insensitive to her feelings, and Ophelias replies become more restrained and subservient. When speaking to Ophelia, for example, Polonius advises her on her relationship with Hamlet Do not believe his vows, for they are brokers [Act 1 sc. 3 line 127]; in Kenneth Branaghs production of the play, Ophelia has already slept with Hamlet, and Branagh makes use of flashbacks in Ophelias mind of their sexual relations as she listens absent-mindedly to her father. This helps back up an image of Polonius as rather ignorant, especially as Ophelias reply is so submissive, building an impression of an advisor of little use to anybody, which in turn strengthens his role as a comic. However, this display of likeability could be argued to be compromised in Act 2 Scene 1 as Polonius plots to send spies after Laertes put on him What forgeries you please, [Act 2 sc. 1 lines19+20], potentially revealing a darker side to him, yet for me this is ruined later on in dialogue And then, sir, doesa this-he does-what was I about to say? suggesting he puts on an act whilst playing up his deviousness, as the inconsistency in language, dashes and faltering punctuation portray an inconsistent mind that runs away too easily and is not to be taken seriously; quite like the character itself: not intended to be a serious one. With relevance to Claudius, when both in a scene, Polonius can either be argued to be more devious or even more of a fool. The former view could have been picked up on because of the spying and meddling that occurs between the two of them, such as in Act 3 Sc. 1 Her father and myself, lawful espials, Will so bestow ourselves [ lines 32+33] and to some may show a more sinister shade to his persona. In Branaghs full-length version, Polonius is shown to be slyer, with the including of his (spying) scene with Reynaldo; a scene some directors cut out to enhance their own, more positive view of the character, due to his scheming. Polonius is in a superior position in the court, which has been argued to be deliberate to use his status power to a menacingly-inclined advantage, but is this because of his wisdom (as critic Harry Levin believes [Polonius is] quotable because of the wisdom of his comments), or because Claudius just needs a friend? There is a theory which might explain his position, interpreting him as someone who once had a great mind, but is now losing control of it. This is Polonius in a more tragic light, though Claudius evidently still relies on him and trusts him, as he follows Poloniuss advice regarding spying, but also agreeing to a meeting between Hamlet and the Queen before Hamlet is sent to England. The latter theory is the viewpoint that perhaps Claudius and Gertrude see him as a fool. When Polonius in Act 2 Sc. 2 gets carried away in his own wordiness Why day is day, night night [line 88] unintentionally, he is opposing himself to the idea of his speech brevity is the soul of wit [line 90], and Gertrude even remarks More matter with less art. [line 95], in other words, bluntly pointing out that Poloniuss act as a wise advisor is conjured by himself; that he is not the mind he thinks himself to be. Act 3 Scene 1 reconfirms my original theory, as Polonius guesses-incorrectly and slightly hypocritically-that the cause of Hamlets madness is down to Ophelias rejection, again giving Hamlet, and the audience, the upper hand yet do I believe The origin and commencement of his grief/ Sprung from neglected love. Even when it is confirmed that hamlets madness has nothing to do with Ophelia, Polonius sticks to his theory despite all evidence pointing to the contrary. Far from appearing sinister then, the two (Claudius and Polonius) together appear foolish, like puppets with Hamlet as their master, manipulating and playing their minds. This is demonstrated earlier in the play, as Polonius tells Ophelia not to believe his vows for they are brokers [Act 1 sc. 3 line 127], yet here, he himself is taken in by Hamlets performance. It is also worth noting that Polonius had previously told Ophelia Affection? Pooh, you speak like a green girl [Act 1 Sc. 3, lines 127, + 101], showing he is proving to be stubborn on a matter he previously disagreed with-and seemed so ready to persuade Ophelia likewise of- himself. Polonius is often contrasted with Hamlet. It could be argued his place in the play is to emphasise Hamlets quick-wittedness and intelligent nature. He seems not to understand the Prince is teasing him conversationally; I did enact Julius Caesar, I was killed I th Capitol; Brutus killed me [Polonius Act 3 Sc. 2lines 105+106] It was a brute part of him to kill so capitol a calf there [Hamlet lines 107+8]. Scenes like this also help to contrast Hamlets sharp dialogue with Poloniuss slow, lengthy style of speech, particularly when he is with the King or Queen and uses it to impress: as Elkin Calhoun Wilson has noticed and over-elaborating it [his wisdom] in speech with the King and Queen. Hamlet further makes Polonius the butt of his jokes in Act 3 Scene 2 By th mass and tis, like a camel indeed [Polonius line 375] Methinks it is like a weasel [Hamlet line 376] and has more fun at the old diplomats expense. It also quite blatantly makes a joke out of Polonius, the laughs in the audience this time actually being against him, as he remains too involved in the sound of his own voice to properly register what Hamlet is saying, establishing him unarguably as a comic character. Hamlet is a character with an excellent command over language in the play though, and is naturally clever without striving to be, whereas Polonius speaks in dragging, slow bouts and wants to be considered wise. There is clearly little respect towards Polonius from Hamlet (you are a fishmonger [Act.2 Sc. 2 line 174], and, as he is the protagonist of the play, this sways the audiences opinion towards him. He is almost too cruel towards him at some points though, e. g. old men have grey beards they have a plentiful lack of wit [Act. 2 Sc. 2 lines 197-201], clearly describing Polonius, and so perhaps enforcing the idea of him as a tragic character. Right until the end, Hamlet still treats Polonius as a second-class person; showing no remorse at his death and branding him a rash, intruding fool [Act 3 Scene 4 line 33] which of course he was. The words intruding convey a completely different meaning to cleverly inquisitive and rash doesnt invite the praise spontaneous would. He was then labelled a fool during his time in the play, and labelled a fool again upon his exit. It is ironic Poloniuss death should be so unceremonious [Act 3 Scene 4, stage directions Exit Hamlet dragging in Polonius line 219] given that his persona in the play was one of elaboration and false grandeur. This is almost like a last, bittersweet laugh against him, exactly the opposite of how he would have liked to have exited, the word dragged being of particular importance, as when performed on stage this would have been so undignified as to have crossed slightly into black humour territory, depending on the director (Ill lug the guts into the neighbour room, Hamlet, Act. 3 Scene. 4, line 213)It is also exposing that Polonius should have been killed from behind the arras, and in a foolish way too. It would have been wiser to remain hidden, and so by shouting, symbolically, perhaps Polonius was revealing the shallowness there was to his sinister persona. Hamlets reaction is one of brevity and disrespect I took thee for thy better [line 134]. However, his death does act as a catalyst for the race towards the ending of the play; Hamlet is sent to England to meet his death, though Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are killed instead. This proceeds to him finally taking revenge on Claudius, and results in the murders of Gertrude, Hamlet, Laertes and Claudius. Whether this increases his worth or not in the play is open to interpretation. Elkin Calhoun Wilson decides Polonius has a minor tragic dimension as well as a major comic boasting [my] eyes catch a more embracive view of him than Hamlets possibly can and with this I can, to an extent, agree. It is tragic he should be cast off in such a way, and in him there was not just the doddering old fool, but also, as Elkin writes, a comic appendage. Overall then, looking at various views and studying the text thoroughly, I can stick by my judgement of Polonius as a foolish, though comic, character. Although considered unimportant by those in the play, I believe him to bring a welcome relief from the drama and tragedy entangled in the plot which would otherwise make for a very depressing production. Of course, it is down to personal interpretation how a director would present the character, but to me the lengthy and self-important dialogue is unavoidable, and the undignified death inevitable, making Polonius -arguably- doomed to lack credible menace void of irony and humour, and therefore set firmly as a foolish prating character. 1999 words Sophie Mayall. Bibliography: Websites used:http://www. metroactive. com/papers/metro/02. 20. 97/branagh-9708. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Polonius www. jstor. org- Studies in English Literature 1500-1900: Vol. 8, No. 2, Elizabethan and Jacobean England www. jstor. org- Shakespeare Quarterly: Vol. 9, No. 1 (Winter 1958), pp. 83-85 Films: Kenneth Branaghs film version Hamlet: 1996 Franco Zeffirellis film version Hamlet: 1990 Copies of the text: Cambridge School Shakespeare First Edition, published 1994 Heinemann Advanced Shakespeare, published 2000 Journals: Shakespeare Quarterly: Vol. 9 (winter 2005), Vol. 8 No. 2 (spring 1968).

Divorces Development And Influence On Modern Society History Essay

Divorces Development And Influence On Modern Society History Essay Our ability to form and be part of enduring and lifelong lasting families is a basic human necessity, and a need everyone tries to fulfill. However, changes in time lead to changes in family structures as well as in family principles. This essay will review the relatively new reality of divorce as a cultural phenomenon and will make an attempt to explain its effect on modern western society. Firstly, it will do so by explaining the recent rise in divorce through researching how the change from pre-industrial, rural society to modern, industrial society led to a change in family ties and personal social relationships [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 103]. Secondly, this paper will explain the historical development of divorce jurisdictions. Lastly, this paper will examine the connection between the rise of individuality and the rise in divorce. As time progresses, events occur that will lead to changes in civilization. The most recent, major change that took place in history was the global transformation brought on by the Industrial Revolution, which began in the eighteenth century. The Industrial Revolution resulted in extensive changes in society and started to form how it is today. Since these changes occurred in a rapid and extreme manner, traditional rules were no longer suitable to be applied in this renewed world. For instance, technological inventions were not only the main factor in making the Industrial Revolution possible; they also enabled developments in science and rapidly increased mans knowledge of the physical universe. The revolution transforming civilization threatened the existence of the dominant religion of Christianity. Foremost, before the industrialization, the Church had adapted itself to the predominate rural economy. With the coming of the Industrial Revolution this economy changed, for towns and cities were developing at speed. Due to the the vast rise in population during the Industrial Revolution, a brutal exploitation of labour became the new standard. The terrible working conditions, poverty, and the deterioration of morals caused anger to grow towards the current system and the Church, who failed to remedy the situation. This eventually lessened the influence of the Church. Over time, it even lead to a change of focus in society; from the collective social structure, based on family, it moved to the importance and development of the individual. In addition, technical inventions led to urbanization as well as it offered geographical mobility. In the course of industrialization, the consequenses of these aspects can be viewed through the change in family ties. HÃ ¶llinger and Haller discuss, amongst other things, the impact of urbanization on kinship structure. In rural areas people meet their relatives, especially their extended kin, more frequently than do their fellow countrymen in urban areas. On the international level. this means that the higher the degree of urbanization of the respective countries, the larger the spatial distance from relatives and the less frequent are contacts with kin. [112] Thus, urbanization and the newly found ability to cover great ranges of land led people to live from growing distance from their kin. Because of these developments, contacts with the extended family were reduced, while emotional bonds with the nuclear family strengthened [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 103]. Furthermore, another aspect that was introduced in modernized society was that the individuals social ties could now be shaped throughout his or her life. This newly found possibility even applied to closest friends and, more importantly, to kin. No more are relationships toward close kin necessarily seen as a life-long commitment [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 103]. In most Western nations, over one-third of all marriages ends in dissolvement [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 103]. It can be said that this important change in family structure is in fact the norm in todays society. In conclusion, the changes in economic innovation seem to go hand in hand with the variation in levels of social ties with kin [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 110], just as the loosening of family ties seems to coinside with the rise of divorce. As has been discussed in the previous paragraphs, a new social structure arose as a result of the Industrial Revolution. When focussing on divorce, it can thus be said that the concept is a relatively recent phenomenon. Divorce has never been as extensive in modern Western society as it has become in current times [Phillips ix]. Additionally, just as society did, the law had to undergo a transformation in most countries as well. Since England was the first to feel the effects of the Industrial Revolution, this country will be used to exemplify the development in divorce jurisdiction. Until the mid-nineteenth century, the English law mostly took the Christian standpoint on marriage on as a rule, defining it as a lifelong lasting union and leaving little room for the option of dissolvement. Nevertheless, a growth in demand for divorce during the Industrial Revolution can be seen in the table on the next page. In this table, the dissolution of individual marriages in England by private Act of Parliament is shown by a periodic interval of ten years [Phillips 65]. The table clearly demonstrates the early rise in divorce as the Industrial Revolution progressed. However still uncommon, such divorces were evolving into regular occurrences [Phillips 64]. In this stage, divorce was only open to male artistocrats, for divorce was almost exclusively monopolized by men, and costs of the procedure were high [Phillips 66]. Additionally, the only acceptable premise for divorce was the wifes proven adultery. Despite these disadvantages, the only legal way by which a marriage could be resolved in England remained parliamentary divorce until 1858, when the countrys first divorce law was implemented [Phillips 64]. The 1858 Matrimonial Causes Act made divorce possible for all people, including women. Still, women who divorced on the premise of adultery not only had to prove their husband unfaithfulness, but had to prove additional wrongdoings as well, such as cruelty, incest or desertation for two years or more [National Archives]. In 1923, a private members bill facilitated the process for women to plead for divorce on grounds of adultery, although, it still needed to be proved [A Brief History of Divroce]. A change in legislation occurred in 1937, when divorce was permitted on other grounds, for instance drunkenness, insanity, and desertation [A Brief History of Divorce]. Up until this time, divorce was still considered to be taboo, and a shameful process to undertake. However, over the next period, the modernization of society and the developement in social structures in terms of individuality and eqaulity in gender gradually changed the view towards divorce and therefore called for a different approach in the law concerning it. This resulted in the Divorce Reform Act, which was passed in 1969. The Divorce Reform Act permitted divorce if the couple requesting it had been seperated for more than two years, or for more than five years if the divorce was requested by only one spouse [A Brief History of Divorce]. This revision is considered to be a landmark in the law concerning divorce because a spouse no longer had to prove his or her partners fault; a marriage could be dissolved if it had broken down beyond repair [A Brief History of Divorce]. Most importantly, the Divorce Reform Act created the basic structure of Englands divorce law today. Furthermo re, it can be said that the regulation in divorce jurisdictions is closely linked to the process of gender equality. In other words, the development in womens right can be linked back to the history of divorce laws. The increase in divorce lessened the taboo that used to stigmatize it, resulting in a shift of focus in society. When directing attention to the European social structure, it can be said that the notions of family in different countries are overall quite similar. The divorce rates, however, are not. The divorce rates in various European countries are shown in the table on the next page [Divorce Magazine]. When examining the table and the differences in divorce rates, a number of results are quite striking. Firstly, the top three European countries with the highest percentage of marriage ending in divorce are all Scandinavian countries. Secondly, the three most southern European countries -Portugal, Spain, and Italy- reside at the bottom of the list. As has been mentioned before, economic modernization and various degrees in social contacts seem to be closely linked [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 110]. Additionally, it can be said that the higher percentage of marriage ending in divorce in Northwestern and Central Europe is not only an effect of industrial development but also of the endurance of particular preindustrial family structures [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 110]. Through this, the exeptionally low divorce rate of, for example, Italy can be explained. As is demonstrated in the table, only ten percent of all marriages in Italy end in dissolvement. When comparing Italys sociocultural history with present norms and traditions, it can be seen that the concept of strong family ties, which has deep social and cultural roots in this country, is an aspect of Italian life that is still of high importance today [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 110]. The powerful influence of the Roman Catholic Church, which beliefs concerning family principals do not permit divorce, has often been ascribed as a reason for that [HÃ ¶llinger and Haller 110]. This influence seems to be stronger in Italy than in other Southern European countries such as Spain and Portugal, whos sociocultural family traditions closely resemble those of Italy. However, it could be argued that the existence of the Vatican and Pope seem to keep Christianity more alive in Italy than in other countries. In contrast to the decreasing influence of the familial structure on modern society, the concept of individuality and non-kinship ties gained importance over time. In other words, over this century, the life course has become individualized. () Because individual lives in the past were more integrated with familial goals, many decisions today considered individual, such as starting work, leaving home, and getting married, were part of collective family timing strategies. [Hareven 107-108]. The development of individuality and thus the importance of friends in modern society can be seen in the table below. In this table, HÃ ¶llinger and Haller present an overview of the expectations people have of those around them in emergency situations. The results from seven different Western countries tallied to show for which roles expectations were higher. For example, the highest percentage of people answered that they rely on their partner for instrumental as well as emotional assistance. It it interesting to note, however, that friends hold the second highest place. In the preindustrial times, the results would show a greater percentage of reliance on family members. This graph helps to illustrate that the decrease in familial ties correlates with the rise in divorce. Additionally, the rise in divorce coinsides with the movement towards the idea of marriage being a union between two people in love, rather than a union of convenience. In most Western societies, marriage is no longer prevailed by a difference in status or race. In this sense, divorce is now seen as a notion of freedom, just as marriage is. Thus, divorce paved the way for many other marital phenomenon and disertations from the traditional family structure, such as inter-racial marriages, gay marriages, cohabitation without marriage, single-parent adoption, and so on. In short, the Industrial Revolution altered society during the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Urbanization, technical inventions, scientific discoveries, and the decrease of influence of the Church had great impact on the existing social structure and thus, on kinship ties. As a result, divorce became a regular occurence, which led to a development in divorce jurisductions. Nowadays, the European concepts of family are generally similar, while the divorce rates are not. The existence of lower divorce rates can be explained by a higher influence of Christianity in combination with deeply embedded sociocultural family traditions. Over time, as family ties loosened, non-kinship ties have gained importance. This rise in individuality is also closely linked to the rise in divorce. On the whole, divorce smoothed the path for the acceptance and legal recognition of various other matrimonial situations as well as other options that differ from the traditional notion of fami ly.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder which can afflict a person throughout his lifetime: "The individual who suffers from OCD becomes trapped in a pattern of repetitive thoughts and behaviors that are senseless and distressing but extremely difficult to overcome" (http:www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/ocd.htm). Obsessions and compulsions are the two main components of this disorder. The former are often highly negative such as an ever-present fear of germs. Compulsions such as repeated handwashings are rituals designed to lessen anxiety produced by obsessions. Depending on the severity, OCD can have an adverse affect on every realm of a person's life. The outlook is optimistic, however, because research has shown that even people suffering from severe OCD may benefit from medication, behavioral therapy, or a combination of the two. Researchers have gained much insight into the cause of the disorder by comparing OCD brains with "normal" brains. There is continued debate about whether OCD is caused by neurobiological factors, environmental influences, or both. There is at least evidence to show that the brains of OCD sufferers differ from "normal" brains in systematic ways: "Recent preliminary studies of the brain using magnetic resonance imaging showed that the subjects with OCD had significantly less white matter than did normal control subjects, suggesting a widely distributed brain abnormality in OCD" (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/ocd.htm). The white matter, which lies beneath the cerebral cortex, contains axons which connect neurons in the cerebral cortex to neurons in other parts of the brain. Lowered white matter content seems to suggest that there is less intracranial communication in the brains of OCD patients. Another study showed that "persons having OCD often exhibit abnormal rates of metabolic activity [in direct correlation with the severity of the disorder] in the frontal lobe and the basal ganglia [more specifically in the orbital cortex] of the brain" (http://www.mhsource.com/hy/naf-ocd.html). It has been suggested that the orbital cortex is responsible for stimulating a "worry circuit" consisting of the "caudate nucleus, a part of the basal ganglia that helps in switching gears from one thought to another; the cingulate gyrus, which wrenches the gut with dread, and the thalamus, which processes the body's sensory inputs" (http://www.schizophrenia.com/ami/diagnosi s/ocd.html). It is hypothesized that in OCD, these 3 respective brain areas become linked in action. Susan Swedo and her colleagues at NIMH have hypothesized that because OCD behaviors have been connected with antibodies attacking the basal ganglia, repeated strep throat infections in childhood may lead the formation of the fused "worry circuit.

History of the Tibetan Genocide :: essays research papers

For 48 years, China has occupied Tibet. In Tibet's history, there has been over 17 percent of the Tibetan people killed, and 6,000 monasteries ruined. For starters, Tibet was never part of China. During the first few years when China was in control of Tibet, the Chinese declared that Tibet should be part of China, because an Emperor of Tibet once married a Chinese princess. Years later, the Chinese said that Tibet was part of China because of the warrior Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan and the Mongolians were in control of Tibet, but they never made Tibet belong to China. Secondly, the Tibetan people and the Chinese are totally different, culturally and socially speaking. Both peoples have their own culture, way of life, and religion. Of course the language is very diverse, too. Tibet had their own government before the Chinese took over. It was led by His Royal Highness, the Dalai Lama. Before the Chinese came in and took over Tibet, Tibet had nothing to do with China. The Chinese invad ed Tibet in July of 1949. They caused many disasters and much sadness to the Tibetan people. Today Tibet is nothing but a prison. The Chinese continually spy on the Tibetan people. Seventeen percent of the Tibetan population was killed. Many Chinese forcibly removed Tibetans out of their homes at any time, day or night, and sometimes these people were thrown into prison. These people also were often killed for no reason. Ever since the Chinese have taken over the Tibetan people, there have been over 1 millon people killed. There were 6 million Tibetans living in Tibet before the Chinese came and took over the country. In the capital of Tibet, Lhasa, the natives of Tibet are being rid of by the Chinese; the Chinese are filling up Lhasa with Chinese people and the Chinese want to make Tibet throughly Chinese. Today, the Tibetan people are a minority in their own country! All the better jobs go to the Chinese people living in Tibet. The Tibetan people cannot find jobs for themselves, t he best job sometimes they can get is to become a truck driver. What the Chinese are really doing is committing against the Tibetan people, a cultural and religious genocide. The culture of Tibet is based on Bon's ancient beliefs, and also on Buddhism from India. The Tibetans take the best of the two religions, and their entire culture is based on that. History of the Tibetan Genocide :: essays research papers For 48 years, China has occupied Tibet. In Tibet's history, there has been over 17 percent of the Tibetan people killed, and 6,000 monasteries ruined. For starters, Tibet was never part of China. During the first few years when China was in control of Tibet, the Chinese declared that Tibet should be part of China, because an Emperor of Tibet once married a Chinese princess. Years later, the Chinese said that Tibet was part of China because of the warrior Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan and the Mongolians were in control of Tibet, but they never made Tibet belong to China. Secondly, the Tibetan people and the Chinese are totally different, culturally and socially speaking. Both peoples have their own culture, way of life, and religion. Of course the language is very diverse, too. Tibet had their own government before the Chinese took over. It was led by His Royal Highness, the Dalai Lama. Before the Chinese came in and took over Tibet, Tibet had nothing to do with China. The Chinese invad ed Tibet in July of 1949. They caused many disasters and much sadness to the Tibetan people. Today Tibet is nothing but a prison. The Chinese continually spy on the Tibetan people. Seventeen percent of the Tibetan population was killed. Many Chinese forcibly removed Tibetans out of their homes at any time, day or night, and sometimes these people were thrown into prison. These people also were often killed for no reason. Ever since the Chinese have taken over the Tibetan people, there have been over 1 millon people killed. There were 6 million Tibetans living in Tibet before the Chinese came and took over the country. In the capital of Tibet, Lhasa, the natives of Tibet are being rid of by the Chinese; the Chinese are filling up Lhasa with Chinese people and the Chinese want to make Tibet throughly Chinese. Today, the Tibetan people are a minority in their own country! All the better jobs go to the Chinese people living in Tibet. The Tibetan people cannot find jobs for themselves, t he best job sometimes they can get is to become a truck driver. What the Chinese are really doing is committing against the Tibetan people, a cultural and religious genocide. The culture of Tibet is based on Bon's ancient beliefs, and also on Buddhism from India. The Tibetans take the best of the two religions, and their entire culture is based on that.

No one person is perfect Essay

No one person is perfect. Mistakes, just like water, are an essential part of life. It’s not for our faults that we should be judged; rather it’s the way we learn to accept our human nature and change for the better. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Puritanical novel, The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, commits an offense of infidelity against her husband, Roger Chillingworth. From then on her secret affair with the Puritan minister will always be on her mind considering the degradation she was subjected to and the infamous letter that will be forever embedded on her bosom and her child Pearl — the fruit of her sin. Hester was a woman that was well ahead of her time; she displayed the traits of being courageous while being passionate and independent. An attribute that takes someone to be courageous, passionate and independent is strength, which is required for one to endure. These were traits that were uncommon for a woman to possess during the time when Hawthorne wrote this novel, but even more unusual to find in a woman who was convicted of committing adultery. Hester Prynne displays her trait of courage and passion when she stands up to Governor Bellingham. Bellingham and his assistants confront her custody of her daughter Pearl because they think it would be better for Pearl to be raised in a more Christian-like household. But Hester, being bold and strong, stands up and responds, â€Å"I can teach my little Pearl what I have learned from this,† (107) referring to the scarlet letter. Bellingham then follows by indicating that the letter is precisely the reason for wanting Pearl to be removed from her care. This is a remarkable scene, where it is rare to see an aberrant adulterous woman speak up for herself to a person of much higher authority. But, eventually Arthur Dimmesdale, Pearl’s unidentified father, preaches on Hester’s behalf and persuades Bellingham to permit Hester continue her care. Early in the novel, Hawthorne explains that Hester was forced into a marriage to a man she did not truly love, and after being separated for a long amount of time, she became attracted to another man. Then later, she became a victim of a crime, which she was severely punished, despite the fact that  she could only be accountable for half of the incident. Hester was much stronger and more courageous than her partner in adultery. Arthur Dimmesdale her secret lover was a minister in a Puritan church, who hides his sin from his congregation in order to maintain his reputation. He tells Hester, â€Å"happy for you Hester that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom! Mine burns in secret (177).† Meanwhile Hester had enough audacity to stand alone with out a known partner in crime. She respected Arthur’s decision to stay silent without a word against him. Yet Hester accepted the consequence that came along with committing adultery. While learning to live life after the embarrassment she went through at the scaffold and the life long punishment of having to wear the embedded letter â€Å"A† on her chest. That scarlet letter made her stronger, and a woman to be later admired from her Puritan counterparts. In the early chapters of this story, Hester’s social life was virtually eliminated as a result of her shameful history. Knowing that all she had after she walked out of the prison door was her letter on her chest and beloved daughter Pearl by her side. She brought home her income by working as the town seamstress. Hester devoted the remainder of her time for creating garments for the poor. Overlooking the fact that they treat her badly in spite of her good intentions. She was even the object of ridicule to young children who crept up to her house to spy on her. But through the seven years since she had Pearl, Hester’s reputation changed. She was a woman full of passion for the needy and everyone else who befriended her. If asked about the woman with badge, strangers would respond, â€Å"†¦the town’s own Hester, who is so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick, so comforting to the afflicted! (159)† Hawthorne goes as far to state that, â€Å"the scarlet letter had the effect of the cross on a nun’s bosom.† This effect gave her practically access into every home. The â€Å"A† which formerly stood for â€Å"Adultery,† took on another meaning to the townspeople, to them it meant â€Å"Able† (158). For Hester to change her faà §ade from an adulterous woman to a woman everyone loved. Hester’s â€Å"badge of shame,† made her a stronger person. The symbol made her  stronger because she had to walk through town being harassed by the inhabitants of Boston. Yet, Hester wore the letter with pride and courage that it would not get her down and she did live her life in solitude but yet transformed it in to being a successful seamstress which provided support for her and Pearl. From the appearance of it she turned a demeaning scarlet letter into a well-tailored accessory by embroidering it with gold thread. Hester was also aware that her sin was immoral, but by being open about it she was able to become a stronger person. Hester proved that by repenting and repelling sin, it is capable of making one stronger. Hester was truly an â€Å"Able† woman.